McCall tried to . There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. He was found not guilty by a miners court after telling judges that Hickok killed his brother, though later accounts showed McCall had no brothers. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. Bill and Jane are buried next to each other in Deadwoods Mount Moriah Cemetery. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. How Did Wild Bill Hickok Die? [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. Not a word was uttered. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). What happened to Wild Bill Hickok's pistols? American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. Lancaster, California. Perhaps most famously, Harper's New Monthly Magazine printed an account of the story in 1867, claiming Hickok had killed 10 men. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. [64], Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when he was shot. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. Hickok said he had "tried to restore order". His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. [61], Hickok died instantly. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. He was released from the group after a few months. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. Famous Cowgirls. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). He traveled west to Deadwood, South Dakota, in a wagon train that included Martha Jane Cannary (Calamity Jane), who later claimed she had secretly married him. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. [5] William Hickok died in 1852, when James was 15. Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. Hickok never fought in another gun battle. Corrections? Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. Wild Bill - Tom Clavin 2019-02-05 The denitive true story of Wild Bill, the rst lawman of the Wild West, by the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dodge City. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. A monument has been built there. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Fox met Jessie when she interviewed Jane for an article in Illustrated American magazine. The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. "Gunfighters of the Real West: Wild Bill Hickok. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. Jessie and Jane were back together when they arrived in Billings, Montana in 1898. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek basin who had been surrounded by Indians. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? Both towns had become outposts for lawless men before Hickok arrived and turned things around. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. McCall was executed for the murder . [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. It was written by Michael Lanahan and directed by Timothy Woodward Jr. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. Three years after Jack McCall shot Hickok in the back as he was playing cards in Deadwood, South Dakota, an 1879 story in the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Daily Leader noted that the pistols were made expressly . In the melee that followed, Hickok shot Woods, who, most historians agree, was then attacked and ultimately killed with a hoe by Mrs. Wellman. In the early 1990s ABC television series Young Riders, a fictional account of Pony Express riders, Hickok is portrayed by Josh Brolin.[80]. James Butler Hickok, better known as " Wild Bill ," was a wagon master, soldier, scout, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, showman, and actor well-known in the American West. Foxs visit coincided with the few weeks Jessie actually attended St. Edwards Academy in Deadwood. B. Hickock [sic] killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. [citation needed] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline, and he had been arrested several times for vagrancy,[53] despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. Best Known For: Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. The glorification of Wild Bill Hickok began in Springfield, Mo., on July 21, 1865, when he killed gunman Dave Tutt. Infuriated, Thompson tried to incite John Wesley Hardin to kill Hickok by exclaiming to Hardin that "He's a damn Yankee. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". He told Mrs. McCanles he was sorry he had to kill her man then took out $35 [$1,056 in 2021 dollars] and gave it to her saying: "This is all I have, sorry I do not have more to give you." In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". At 4:15 in the afternoon, a young gunslinger named Jack McCall walked into the saloon, approached Hickok from behind, and shot him in the back of the head. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. He was assigned Buffalo Bill Cody, a sergeant, and five privates. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. Marshal. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. He drove freight wagons and coaches. . She appears to have finally learned the truth by the time she died in 1980, for her death certificate correctly lists her mothers maiden name as Canary. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. "[citation needed]. Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Joseph J. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. 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