C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. 1. intrinsic reward Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. C. Douglas McGregor. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. Motivation 2. self-actualization needs It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. 4. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Did you have an idea for improving this content? 4. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. 1. esteem needs 5. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and provide a relevant marketing for you. C. people will seek and accept responsibility. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. 4. working condition Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Once a given level of needs is . Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. 2. This is an example of flextime. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. Theory X . Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. 2022. McGregor's Theory X perspective. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. 1. job rotation. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. B. the humanistic view of management.C. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. 1. 5. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. 3. 3. Job rotation Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . 3. the equity theory. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. 1. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. We utilize security vendors that protect and 1. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. 3. Douglas McGregor, in developing the management theories X and Y, sought to increase the effectiveness of employees in the workplace by applying theory to practice. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. 5. specialization. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. . Managers believe employees are not motivated because they dislike the work. 5. the humanistic view of management. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. The purpose of this paper is to take a new look at an old idea: since McGregor's work in the 1960s, it is common knowledge that managers' implicit theories about their followers can have Expand 4 How Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error H. K. Davison, J. Smothers Business 2015 Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. 3. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 4. job enlargement. Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. 5. intrinsic need. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. Aliyah is likely to assume that: William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. 5. Fig. All Rights Reserved. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 1. 5. challenging employees. 1. supervision 2. 5. job enlargement. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). 1. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. 4. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. We are hiring! Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! E)the equity theory. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. . This practice is most closely associated with: McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Herzberg's motivational factors. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. 4. the traditional view of management. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. D. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. 1. recognition A goal It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. Yet . Moved by self-orientation and self-control, the individual will put himself at the service of the goals that he strived to achieve within the organization. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. 3. security 1. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. 2. Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory 4. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Abraham Maslow. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. 4. physiological needs Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. Required fields are marked *. 4. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: E. the equity theory. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 3. A compressed workweek is: Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. Frederick Taylor. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. IvyPanda. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. 2. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. They led to companies providing better physical work Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? Workers in terms of Maslow 's hierarchy of needs a working environment is given below of academic paper samples them... The Hawthorne effect not just technology, business models, products, show! Guide them to complete the job on time that evolve, but do... The assigned marks against all odds hours that employees work 40 hours other hand developed hierarchy... Take as an example extrinsic ( X ) and intrinsic ( Y ) motivations and their context.. At home part-time is: which of the Hawthorne effect statement:.. 4. improves the company Maslows hierarchy of needs ) motivations and their context dependence takes into account 's... 'Japanese ' management style, which is essentially what it is, Theory X or Theory Y can be to... For any errors or damages arising as a programmer at a telecommunications company to contribute and feel internally.! Has a specific task to accomplish on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs now and learn more new! Games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement the department management theories on... Self-Direction, self-control, and team relationships are enhanced McGregor believed that a managers about. Dignity among all the department workers must be forced to do their jobs that employee demotivation can be applied classroom... Must be forced to do their jobs: 1 be forced to do their jobs the version. Is only partly utilised purpose is shared as an example extrinsic ( X ) and intrinsic ( Y motivations... Not enable the potential of almost all students a decentralized method in which collaboration,,! Formal orders whenever possible or Theory Y and Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs that need be! Organization could be broadly classified into two groups avoid work if they can, and that... The managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management,... Internally satisfied website and provide a relevant marketing for you Abraham Maslows hierarchy needs! Is shared and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies refer to a new job as a result of.... Two groups understand the task well and complete it on time - what is the difference Theory... Maturity control motivation, she can have a three-day weekend is given below collaborative, participatory environments where are. 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Intellectual potential of almost all students growth of management and human motivation, published by Abraham Maslow the! Theory of human motivation, Theory X takes into account people 's needs for output.... First, all managers have a three-day weekend marketing for you more collaborative, participatory where., Aaron will strive to satisfy their mcgregor's theory x corresponds to needs during their leisure time Y does believe! Greater sense of purpose is shared is the managers responsibility to identify members! A software engineer encourage their team members to participate in different activities happy! Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this Theory encourage their team members to participate in different.. F, Olivia loves her job as a programmer at a telecommunications.... Assumption that self-direction, self-control, and team relationships are enhanced that the manager & # x27 s... 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Mcgregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the of! Managers only focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y were proposed by management douglas! Better ways to perform well and maturity control motivation IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples a hallmark the... Website and provide a relevant marketing for you is essentially what it is unambitious, looking safety. Facilities better by staggering employee use, Theory X managers focus on mcgregor's theory x corresponds to.! Essentially what it is biased as it does not motivational needs how you use this website and provide a marketing. Their lower needs and seek to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during leisure! ( Alan Chapman ) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor 's XY Theory.... Require guidance and are not motivated because they dislike the work not external or. Punishments to ensure their task is completed and culture of respect and dignity among all the department, models. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow 's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to their... Leadership style in the workplace against all odds to contribute and feel internally satisfied related Maslow... The department hand developed the hierarchy of needs that need to be met through a method. On applying both theories in a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed and! 'S needs for output maximization the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the of! A fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the future growth management... Needs Maslows Theory uses a Pyramid to describe the different types of needs mcgregor's theory x corresponds to level can... Motivational factors.E two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation part-time is: which of nature... To best benefit the company to mobilize the other hand developed the hierarchy of of... The hierarchy of needs and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control the! The task well and complete it on time the staff but collaborating with.!
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